RTV-organopolysiloxane compositions and novel organopolysiloxane polycondensation catalysts therefor

ABSTRACT

RTV-organopolysiloxane compositions are crosslinkable by polycondensation and are devoid of alkyltin-based catalysts; novel organopolysiloxane polycondensation catalysts are useful therefor.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO PRIOR APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of FR 07/08918, filed Dec. 20, 2007, and is a continuation of PCT/FR 2008/001774, filed Nov. 18, 2008 and designating the United States (published in the French language on Aug. 27, 2009 as WO 2009/103894 A1; the title and abstract were also published in English), each hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety and each assigned to the assignee hereof.

The present invention relates to an organopolysiloxane composition that can be vulcanized at room temperature into an elastomer that is crosslinked by polycondensation and that does not contain alkyltin-based catalysts which exhibit toxicity problems.

The invention also relates to novel polycondensation catalysts in silicone chemistry, and to the uses thereof as catalysts for the polycondensation reaction of organopolysiloxanes.

More particularly, the present invention targets compositions that are presented, before use, in the form of 2-component (RTV-2) compositions.

Elastomer formulations that crosslink via polycondensation generally involve a silicone oil, generally a polydimethylsiloxane, with hydroxyl end groups, optionally prefunctionalized by a silane so as to have alkoxy ends, a crosslinker, a polycondensation catalyst, conventionally a tin salt or an alkyl titanate, a reinforcing filler and other optional additives such as bulking fillers, adhesion promoters, colorants, biocidal agents, etc.

These room-temperature vulcanizing organopolysiloxane compositions are well known and are classified into 2 different groups: single-component compositions (RTV-2) and two-component compositions (RTV-1).

During crosslinking, water (either provided by atmospheric moisture in the case of RTV-1 compositions, or introduced into one part of the composition in the case of RTV-2 compositions) enables the polycondensation reaction, which results in the formation of the elastomeric network.

Generally, single-component (RTV-1) compositions crosslink when they are exposed to moisture from the air, that is to say that they cannot crosslink in an enclosed medium. For example, the single-component silicone compositions used as sealants or cold-setting adhesives follow a mechanism of hydrolysis of reactive functional groups of the acetoxysilane, ketiminoxysilane, alkoxysilane, etc. type, followed by condensation reactions between the silanol groups formed and other residual reactive functional groups. The hydrolysis is generally carried out by virtue of water vapor which diffuses into the material from the surface exposed to the atmosphere. Generally, the kinetics of the polycondensation reactions is extremely slow; these reactions are therefore catalyzed by a suitable catalyst. As catalysts which are used, use is most often made of catalysts based on tin, titanium, an amine or compositions of these catalysts. Catalysts based on tin (cf. in particular FR-A-2 557 582) and on titanium (cf. in particular FR-A-2 786 497) are catalysts that are very effective.

As regards two-component compositions, they are sold and stored in the form of two components, a first component containing the base polymer materials and the second component containing the catalyst. The two components are mixed at the moment of use and the mixture crosslinks in the form of a relatively hard elastomer. These two-component compositions are well known and are described, in particular, in the book by Walter Noll “Chemistry and Technology of Silicones” 1968, 2nd Edition, on pages 395 to 398. These compositions essentially comprise 4 different ingredients:

-   -   a reactive α,ω-dihydroxydiorganopolysiloxane polymer,     -   a crosslinking agent, generally a silicate or a polysilicate,     -   a tin catalyst, and     -   water.

Usually, the condensation catalyst is based on an organic tin compound. Indeed, many tin-based catalysts have already been proposed as crosslinking catalysts for these RTV-2 compositions. The most widely used compounds are alkyltin carboxylates such as tributyltin monooleate or dialkyltin dicarboxylates such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate or dimethyltin dilaurate (see the book by Noll “Chemistry and Technology of silicones” page 337, Academic Press, 1968-2^(nd) Edition or patents EP 147 323 or EP 235 049).

However, the alkyltin-based catalysts, although very effective, usually colorless, liquid and soluble in silicone oils, have the drawback of being toxic (CMR2 toxic for reproduction).

Titanium-based catalysts, also widely used in RTV-1 compositions, have however a major drawback: they have slower kinetics than tin-based catalysts. Furthermore, these catalysts cannot be used in RTV-2 compositions due to gelling problems.

Other catalysts are sometimes mentioned, such as catalysts based on zinc, zirconium or aluminum, but they have only experienced minor industrial development due to their mediocre effectiveness.

For sustainable development, it therefore appears necessary to develop a nontoxic catalyst system for the polycondensation reaction of organopolysiloxanes.

Another important aspect for a catalyst of the polycondensation reaction of organopolysiloxanes is the pot-life, that is to say the time during which the composition can be used after mixing without curing, which must be long enough to allow it to be used, but short enough to obtain a molded article that can be handled at the latest a few minutes after it has been manufactured. The catalyst must thus make it possible to obtain a good compromise between the pot-life of the catalyzed mixture and the time at the end of which the molded article can be handled. In addition, the catalyst must confer, on the catalyzed mixture, a spreading time which does not vary as a function of the storage time.

A main objective of the present invention is therefore to find a catalyst system that can be used both in the crosslinking of single-component and two-component elastomer compositions.

Another main objective of the present invention is to propose a catalyst system that continues to simultaneously meet the constraints of storage, of processing and of crosslinking of the two types of single-component and two-component elastomer compositions.

An organopolysiloxane composition has now been found, and it is this which constitutes the subject of the present invention, characterized in that the organopolysiloxane composition comprises, on the one hand, a silicone base B capable of curing via polycondensation reaction into a silicone elastomer and, on the other hand, a catalytically effective amount of at least one catalyst system X characterized in that:

a) the catalyst system X comprises at least one metal complex or salt A of formula (1) below: [M(L¹)_(r1)(L²)_(r2)(Y)_(x)]  (1) for which there are three possible definitions i), ii) and iii): i) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0;

-   -   the symbol M represents a metal selected from the group         constituted by: cerium, bismuth and molybdenum;     -   the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is an alcoholate anion         and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different;     -   the symbol L² represents an anionic ligand which is different         from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or         different; and     -   the symbol Y represents a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the         symbols Y are identical or different;         ii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0;     -   the symbol M represents a metal selected from the group         constituted by: scandium, ytterbium, copper, silver and bismuth;     -   the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is a sulfonate,         preferably perfluoroalkylsulfonate, anion and when r1≧2, the         symbols L¹ are identical or different;     -   the symbol L² represents an anionic ligand which is different         from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or         different; and     -   the symbol Y represents a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the         symbols Y are identical or different; and         iii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0;     -   the symbol M represents molybdenum;     -   the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is a carboxylate anion         and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different,     -   the symbol L² represents an anionic ligand which is different         from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or         different; and     -   the symbol Y represents a neutral ligand and when x≧b 2, the         symbols Y are identical or different; and     -   with the supplementary condition that when the symbol M         represents molybdenum, the compound of formula (1) chosen is in         solid form; and         b) the catalyst system X is prepared according to the following         process:     -   step 1: the metal complex or salt A is dispersed in at least one         oily organopolysiloxane polymer K, the viscosity of which is at         least 100 mPa·s, preferably at least 5000 mPa·s and more         preferably still at least 10 000 mPa·s, and     -   step 2: the mixture is milled, optionally after kneading, until         a homogeneous mixture is obtained, which is the catalyst system         X.

In order to achieve this objective, the Applicant has had the credit of demonstrating, quite surprisingly and unexpectedly, that the use of a catalyst system X that is based on a metal complex or salt A and is prepared according to an original process makes it possible to use this metal complex or salt A of formula (1) described above as a catalyst for the polycondensation reaction.

It is also to the credit of the inventors that they have overcome the technical prejudice that hitherto decreed that the metal complexes or salts A according to the invention which are in solid form have only a mediocre activity in the polycondensation reaction of organopolysiloxanes and a very low solubility in a silicone medium thus rendering the uses thereof problematic.

Any oily organopolysiloxane polymer K, the viscosity of which is at least 100 mPa·s, preferably at least 5000 mPa·s and more preferably still at least 10 000 mPa·s is suitable for the implementation of the invention.

It should be noted that the definition of the ligands is taken from the book “Chimie Organométallique” [Organometallic Chemistry] by Didier Astruc, published in 2000 by EDP Sciences, cf., in particular, Chapter 1, “Les complexes monométalliques” [Single metal complexes], pages 31 et seq.

In order to explain in a little more detail the nature of the constituent elements of the invention, it is important to specify that any conventional mixing apparatus can be used, especially slow-stirring apparatus. Thus, the mixing operation can be carried out in a mixer equipped with an agitator. By way of example, mention may be made of single-screw or multiple-screw extruders, planetary mixers, hook mixers, slow dispersers, static mixers, paddle, propeller, arm or anchor mixers.

According to one particularly advantageous embodiment, the milling is carried out by means of a 3-roll mill, the clamping pressures of which, between the rolls, are adjusted so as to result in a homogeneous mixture.

In order to carry out the invention, use is preferably made of a metal complex or salt A of formula (2) below: [M(L¹)_(r1)(L²)_(r2)]  (2) for which there are three possible definitions i), ii) and iii): i) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0;

-   -   the symbol M represents a metal selected from the group         constituted by: cerium, bismuth and molybdenum;     -   the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is an alcoholate anion         and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; and     -   the symbol L² represents an anionic ligand which is different         from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or         different;         ii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0;     -   the symbol M represents a metal selected from the group         constituted by: scandium, ytterbium, copper, silver and bismuth;     -   the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is a sulfonate,         preferably perfluoroalkylsulfonate, anion and when r1≧2, the         symbols L¹ are identical or different; and     -   the symbol L² represents an anionic ligand which is different         from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or         different; and         iii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0;     -   the symbol M represents molybdenum;     -   the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is a carboxylate anion         and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different,     -   the symbol L² represents an anionic ligand which is different         from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or         different; and     -   with the supplementary condition that when the symbol M         represents molybdenum, the compound of formula (2) chosen is in         solid form.

It should be noted that at least one part of the inventive nature of the invention is due to the judicious and advantageous selection of the defined associations of metal compounds A used as polycondensation catalyst.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the metal complex or salt A is chosen from the group constituted by the metal complexes or salts of formulae (3) to (5) below: [Ce(L¹)_(r3)(L²)_(r4)]; where r3≧1 and r4≧0 and r3+r4=3  (3): [Mo(L¹)_(r5)(L²)_(r6)]; where r5≧1 and r6≧0 and r5+r6=6  (4): [Bi(L¹)_(r7)(L²)_(r8)]; where r7≧1 and r8≧0 and r7+r8=3  (5): in which:

-   -   the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is an alcoholate anion         and when the number of ligands L¹≧2, the symbols L¹ are         identical or different; and     -   the symbol L² represents an anionic ligand which is different         from L¹ and when the number of ligands L²≧2, the symbols L² are         identical or different.

According to one preferred embodiment of the invention and when the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is an alcoholate anion, definition i), the symbol L¹ is chosen from the group constituted by the alcoholate anions derived from the following alcohols: methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, cyclopentanol, cycloheptanol, cyclohexanol, s-butanol, t-butanol, pentanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, isopropyl alcohol, allyl alcohol, diols such as, for example, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, pinanediol, 1,3-propanediol and 1,2-octanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol and 2,3-butanediol.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention and when the symbol L¹ represents a carboxylate ligand, definition iii), the symbol L¹ is chosen from the group constituted by the following anions: acetates, propionates, butyrates, pentanoates, hexanoates, heptanoates, octanoates, benzoates, isobutyrates, naphthenates and stearates.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the catalyst system X comprises at least one metal complex or salt A chosen from the group constituted by the metal complexes or salts of formulae (6) to (10) below: [Sc(L¹)_(r9)(L²)_(r10)]; where r9≧1 and r10≧0 and I₅+I₆=3  (6): [Yb(L¹)_(r11)(L²)_(r12)]; where r11≧1 and r12≧0 and r11+r12=3  (7): [Cu(L¹)_(r13)(L²)_(r14)]; where r13≧1 and r14≧0 and r13+r14=2  (8): [Ag(L¹)]  (9): [Bi(L¹)_(r15)(L²)_(r16)]; where r15≧1 and r16≧0 and r15+r16=3  (10): in which:

-   -   the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is a sulfonate,         preferably perfluoroalkylsulfonate, anion and when the number of         ligands L¹≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; and     -   the symbol L² represents an anionic ligand which is different         from L¹ and when the number of ligands L²≧2, the symbols L² are         identical or different.

In order to explain in a little more detail the nature of the constituent elements of the metal complex A according to the invention, it is important to specify that L² is an anionic ligand selected from the group constituted by the following anions: fluoro (F⁻), chloro (Cl⁻), triiodo(1⁻) (I₃)⁻, difluorochlorato(1⁻) [ClF₂]⁻, hexafluoroiodato(1⁻) [IF₆]⁻, oxochlorato(1⁻) (CIO)⁻, dioxochlorato(1⁻) (CIO₂)⁻, trioxochlorato(1⁻) (CIO₃)⁻, tetraoxochlorato(1⁻) (CIO₄)⁻, hydroxo (OH)⁻, mercapto (SH)⁻, selanido (SeH)⁻, hyperoxo (O₂)⁻, ozonido (O₃)⁻, hydroxo (OH⁻), hydrodisulfido (HS₂)⁻, methoxo (CH₃O)⁻, ethoxo (C₂H₅O)⁻, propoxido (C₃H₇O)⁻, methylthio (CH₃S)⁻, ethanethiolato (C₂H₅S)⁻, 2-chloroethanolato (C₂H₄CIO)⁻, phenoxido (C₆H₅O)⁻, phenylthio (C₆H₅S)⁻, 4-nitrophenolato [C₆H₄(NO₂)O]⁻, formato (HCO₂)⁻, acetato (CH₃CO₂)⁻, propionato (CH₃CH₂CO₂)⁻, nitrido (N₃)⁻, cyano (CN)⁻, cyanato (NCO)⁻, thiocyanato (NCS)⁻, selenocyanato (NCSe)⁻, amido (NH₂)⁻, phosphino (PH₂)⁻, chloroazanido (ClHN)⁻, dichloroazanido (Cl₂N)⁻, [methanaminato(1⁻)] (CH₃NH)⁻, diazenido (HN═N)⁻, diazanido (H₂N—NH)⁻, diphosphenido (HP═P)⁻, phosphonito (H₂PO)⁻, phosphinato (H₂PO₂)⁻, carboxylato, enolato, amides, alkylato and arylato.

According to one particularly preferred embodiment, L² is an anionic ligand selected from the group constituted by the following anions: acetate, oxalate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, diethylacetate, benzoate, 2-ethylhexanoate, stearate, methoxide, ethoxide, isopropoxide, tert-butoxide, tent-pentoxide, 8-hydroxyquinolinate, naphthenate, tropolonate and the oxido O²⁻ anion.

The nature of the neutral ligand Y is not very important and a person skilled in the art will use any type of neutral ligand suitable for the metal in question.

According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the catalyst system X comprises at least one metal complex or salt A chosen from the group constituted by the metal complexes or salts of formulae (11) to (27) below: [Sc(triflate)₃]  (11): [Yb(triflate)₃]  (12): [Cu(triflate)₂]  (13): [Ag(triflate)]  (14): [Bi(triflate)₃]  (15): [Mo(O₂)(2,3-butanediolate)₂]  (17): [Mo(O₂)(ethylene glycolate)₂]  (18): [Mo(O₂)(1,2-propanediolate)₂]  (19): [Mo(O₂)(pinanediolate)₂]  (20): [Mo(O₂)(1,3-propanediolate)₂]  (21): [Mo(O₂)(meso-2,3-butanediolate)₂]  (22): [Mo(O₂)(1,2-octanediolate)₂]  (23): [Bi(monoallyl ethylene glycolate)₃]  (24): [MoO₂(OAc)₂]  (25): [MoO₂(heptanoate)₂]  (26): and [MoO₂(naphthenate)₂].  (27):

The invention also relates to a catalyst system X, characterized in that it:

a) comprises at least one metal complex or salt A of formula (1) below: [M(L¹)_(r1)(L²)_(r2)(Y)_(x)]  (1) for which there are three possible definitions i), ii) and iii): i) r1≦1, r2≧0 and x≧0;

-   -   the symbol M represents a metal selected from the group         constituted by: cerium, bismuth and molybdenum;     -   the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is an alcoholate anion         and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different;     -   the symbol L² represents an anionic ligand which is different         from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or         different; and     -   the symbol Y represents a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the         symbols Y are identical or different;         ii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0;     -   the symbol M represents a metal selected from the group         constituted by: scandium, ytterbium, copper, silver and bismuth;     -   the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is a sulfonate,         preferably perfluoroalkylsulfonate, anion and when r1≧2, the         symbols L¹ are identical or different;     -   the symbol L² represents an anionic ligand which is different         from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or         different; and     -   the symbol Y represents a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the         symbols Y are identical or different; and         iii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0;     -   the symbol M represents molybdenum;     -   the symbol L¹ represents a ligand which is a carboxylate anion         and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different,     -   the symbol L² represents an anionic ligand which is different         from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or         different; and     -   the symbol Y represents a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the         symbols Y are identical or different; and     -   with the supplementary condition that when the symbol M         represents molybdenum, the compound of formula (1) chosen is in         solid form; and         b) the catalyst system X is prepared according to the following         process:     -   step 1: the metal complex or salt A is dispersed in at least one         oily organopolysiloxane polymer K, the viscosity of which is at         least 100 mPa·s, preferably at least 5000 mPa·s and more         preferably still at least 10 000 mPa·s, and     -   step 2: the mixture is milled, optionally after kneading, until         a homogeneous mixture is obtained, which is the catalyst system         X.

The amount of the catalyst system X according to the invention is adjusted by a person skilled in the art so that the metal complex or salt A is in an amount sufficient to meet the needs of the application. Generally, the metal complex or salt A will be present in the composition in amounts between 0.01 and 15%, and preferably between 0.05 and 10% by weight of the total mass of the composition.

Another subject of the invention consists of the use of a catalyst system X according to the invention and as defined above as catalyst for the polycondensation reaction of organopolysiloxanes.

Description of the Silicone Base B:

The silicone bases used in the present invention that crosslink and cure via polycondensation reactions are well known. These bases are described in detail in particular in numerous patents and they are commercially available.

These silicone bases may be single-component bases, that is to say bases that are packaged in a single package, and stable during storage, in the absence of moisture, which can be cured in the presence of moisture, in particular moisture provided by the ambient air or by water generated within the base during the use thereof.

Apart from single-component bases, use may be made of two-component bases, that is to say bases that are packaged in two packages, which cure as soon as the catalyst system X according to the invention is incorporated. They are packaged, after incorporation of the catalyst, in two separate fractions, one of the fractions possibly containing, for example, only the catalyst according to the invention or a mixture with the crosslinking agent.

The silicone base B used to produce the composition according to the invention may comprise:

-   -   at least one polyorganosiloxane oil C capable of crosslinking         via polycondensation into an elastomer;     -   optionally at least one crosslinking agent D;     -   optionally at least one adhesion promoter E; and     -   optionally at least one siliceous, organic and/or non-siliceous         mineral filler F.

The polyorganosiloxane oil C is preferably an α,ω-dihydroxypolydiorganosiloxane polymer, with a viscosity between 50 and 5 000 000 mPa·s at 25° C. and the crosslinking agent D is preferably an organosilicon compound bearing more than two hydrolyzable groups bonded to the silicon atoms per molecule. The polyorganosiloxane oil C may also be functionalized at its ends by hydrolyzable radicals obtained by condensation of a precursor bearing hydroxyl functional groups with a crosslinking silane bearing hydrolyzable radicals.

As the crosslinking agent (D), mention may be made of:

-   -   silanes of the following general formula:         R¹ _(k)Si(OR²)_((4-k))         in which the symbols R², which are identical or different,         represent alkyl radicals having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such         as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl or 2-ethylhexyl         radicals, C₃-C₆ oxyalkylene radicals, the symbol R¹ represents a         linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic         hydrocarbon-based group, a saturated or unsaturated and/or         aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic group, and k is         equal to 0, 1 or 2; and     -   the partial hydrolysis products of this silane.

As examples of C₃-C₆ alkoxyalkylene radicals, mention may be made of the following radicals:

CH₃OCH₂CH₂—

CH₃OCH₂CH(CH₃)—

CH₃OCH(CH₃)CH₂—

C₂H₅OCH₂CH₂CH₂—

The symbol R¹ represents a C₁-C₁₀ hydrocarbon-based radical that encompasses:

-   -   C₁-C₁₀ alkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl,         pentyl, 2-ethylhexyl, octyl or decyl radicals;     -   vinyl and allyl radicals; and     -   C₅-C₈ cycloalkyl radicals such as phenyl, tolyl and xylyl         radicals.

The crosslinking agents D are products that are available on the silicones market; furthermore, their use in room-temperature curing compositions is known; it occurs in particular in French patents FR-A-1 126 411, FR-A-1 179 969, FR-A-1 189 216, FR-A-1 198 749, FR-A-1 248 826, FR-A-1 314 649, FR-A-1 423 477, FR-A-1 432 799 and FR-A-2 067 636.

Preference is more particularly given, among the crosslinking agents D, to alkyltrialkoxysilanes, alkyl silicates and alkyl polysilicates, in which the organic radicals are alkyl radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

As other examples of crosslinking agents D that may be used, mention is more particularly made of the following silanes:

-   -   CH₃Si(OCH₃)₃; C₂H₅Si(OC₂H₅)₃; C₂H₅Si(OCH₃)₃     -   CH₂═CHSi(OCH₃)₃; CH₂═CHSi(OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₃     -   C₆H₅Si(OCH₃)₃; [CH₃][OCH(CH₃)CH₂OCH₃]Si[OCH₃]₂     -   Si(OCH₃)₄; Si(OC₂H₅)₄; Si(OCH₂CH₂CH₃)₄; Si(OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃)₄     -   Si(OC₂H₄OCH₃)₄; CH₃Si(OC₂H₄OCH₃)₃; CICH₂Si(OC₂H₅)₃.

As other examples of crosslinking agent D, mention may be made of ethyl polysilicate or n-propyl polysilicate.

Use is generally made of 0.1 to 60 parts by weight of crosslinking agent D per 100 parts by weight of polyorganosiloxane C capable of crosslinking via polycondensation to an elastomer.

Thus the composition according to the invention may comprise at least one adhesion promoter E, in particular that is non-nucleophilic and non-aminated, or else it is a tertiary amine, preferably chosen from the organosilicon compounds bearing both:

-   -   (1) one or more hydrolyzable groups bonded to the silicon atom,         and     -   (2) one or more organic groups substituted with radicals         comprising a nitrogen atom or chosen from the group of         (meth)acrylate, epoxy and alkenyl radicals, and more preferably         still from the group constituted by the following compounds,         taken alone or as a mixture:         -   vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMO);         -   3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO);         -   methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MEMO);         -   [H₂N(CH₂)₃]Si(OCH₂CH₂CH₃)₃;         -   [H₂N(CH₂)₃]Si(OCH₃)₃;         -   [H₂N(CH₂)₃]Si(OC₂H₅)₃;         -   [H₂N(CH₂)₄]Si(OCH₃)₃;         -   [H₂NCH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₂]SiCH₃(OCH₃)₂;         -   [H₂NCH₂]Si(OCH₃)₃;         -   [n-C₄H₉—HN—CH₂]Si(OCH₃)₃;         -   [H₂N(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃]Si(OCH₃)₃;         -   [H₂N(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃]Si(OCH₂CH₂OCH₃)₃;         -   [CH₃NH(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃]Si(OCH₃)₃;         -   [H(NHCH₂CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃]Si(OCH₃)₃;

-   -   -   or polyorganosiloxane oligomers containing such organic             groups at a content greater than 20%.

For the single-component and two-component bases, use is made, as the mineral fillers F, of very finely divided products, the average particle diameter of which is less than 0.1 μm. These fillers include fumed silicas and precipitated silicas; their BET specific surface area is generally greater than 40 m²/g. These fillers may also be in the form of more coarsely divided products, having an average particle diameter greater than 0.1 μm. As examples of such fillers, mention may be made of ground quartz, diatomaceous silicas, calcium carbonate, calcined clay, rutile-type titanium oxide, iron, zinc, chromium, zirconium or magnesium oxides, the various forms of alumina (hydrated or unhydrated), boron nitride, lithopone, barium metaborate, barium sulfate and glass microbeads; their specific surface area is generally less than 30 m²/g.

These fillers may have been surface-modified by treatment with the various organosilicon compounds customarily employed for this purpose. Thus, these organosilicon compounds may be organochlorosilanes, diorganocyclopolysiloxanes, hexaorganodisiloxanes, hexaorganodisilazanes or diorganocyclopolysilazanes (French patents FR-A-1 126 884, FR-A-1 136 885 and FR-A-1 236 505, and British patent GB-A-1 024 234). The treated fillers contain, in most cases, from 3 to 30% of their weight of organosilicon compounds. The fillers may be constituted of a mixture of several types of fillers of different particle size; thus, for example, they may be constituted of 30 to 70% of finely divided silicas with a BET specific surface area greater than 40 m²/g and of 70 to 30% of more coarsely divided silicas with a specific surface area less than 30 m²/g.

The purpose of introducing fillers is to give good mechanical and rheological properties to the elastomers that result from the curing of the compositions according to the invention.

In combination with these fillers, use may be made of mineral and/or organic pigments and also agents that improve the thermal resistance (salts and oxides of rare-earth elements such as ceric oxides and hydroxides) and/or the fire resistance of the elastomers. For example, it is possible to use the cocktails of oxides described in international application WO 98/29488. Mention may be made, among the agents for improving the fire resistance, of halogenated organic derivatives, organic phosphorus derivatives, platinum derivatives, such as chloroplatinic acid (its reaction products with alkanols or ethers), or platinous chloride-olefin complexes. These pigments and agents together represent at most 20% of the weight of the fillers.

Other customary auxiliary agents and additives may be incorporated into the composition according to the invention; these are chosen as a function of the applications in which said compositions are used.

The silicone base used to produce the composition according to the invention may comprise:

-   -   100 parts of polyorganosiloxane oil C capable of crosslinking         via polycondensation into an elastomer;     -   0 to 20 parts of a crosslinking agent D;     -   0 to 20 parts of an adhesion promoter E; and     -   0 to 50 parts of filler F.

In addition to the main constituents, nonreactive linear polyorganosiloxane polymers G may be introduced with the intention of acting on the physical characteristics of the compositions in accordance with the invention and/or on the mechanical properties of the elastomers resulting from the curing of these compositions.

These nonreactive linear polyorganosiloxane polymers G are well known; they comprise more especially: α,ω-bis(triorganosiloxy)diorganopolysiloxane polymers with viscosities of at least 10 mPa·s at 25° C. formed essentially of diorganosiloxy units and of at least 1% of monoorganosiloxy and/or siloxy units, the organic radicals bonded to the silicon atoms being chosen from the methyl, vinyl and phenyl radicals, 60% at least of these organic radicals being methyl radicals and 10% at most being vinyl radicals. The viscosity of these polymers can reach several tens of millions of mPa·s at 25° C.; they therefore include oils with a fluid to viscous appearance and soft to hard gums. They are prepared according to the usual techniques described more specifically in French patents FR-A-978 058, FR-A-1 025 150, FR-A-1 108 764 and FR-A-1 370 884. Use is preferably made of α,ω-bis(trimethylsiloxy)dimethylpolysiloxane oils with a viscosity ranging from 10 mPa·s to 1000 mPa·s at 25° C. These polymers, which act as plasticizers, can be introduced in a proportion of at most 70 parts, preferably of 5 to 20 parts, per 100 parts of the polyorganosiloxane oil C capable of crosslinking via polycondensation.

The compositions according to the invention can in addition advantageously comprise at least one silicone resin H. These silicone resins are branched organopolysiloxane polymers which are well known and which are available commercially. They have, per molecule, at least two different units chosen from those of formula R′″₃SiO_(1/2) (M unit), R′″₂SiO_(2/2) (D unit), R′″SiO_(3/2) (T unit) and SiO_(4/2) (Q unit). The R′″ radicals are identical or different and are chosen from linear or branched alkyl radicals or vinyl, phenyl or 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl radicals. Preferably, the alkyl radicals have from 1 to 6 carbon atoms inclusive. More particularly, mention may be made, as alkyl R radicals, of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl and n-hexyl radicals. These resins are preferably hydroxylated and have, in this case, a weight content of hydroxyl groups of between 5 and 500 meq/100 g.

Mention may be made, as examples of resins, of MQ resins, MDQ resins, TD resins and MDT resins.

In order to manufacture the compositions according to the invention it is necessary, in the case of the single-component compositions, to use equipment that makes it possible to intimately mix the various fundamental constituents in a moisture-free environment, with or without a supply of heat, optionally added to which constituents are the aforementioned adjuvants and additives. All these ingredients may be loaded into the equipment in any order of introduction. Thus, it is possible to firstly mix the organopolysiloxane oils C and the fillers F and then to add to the paste obtained the crosslinkers D, the compounds E and the catalyst according to the invention. It is also possible to mix the oils C, the crosslinkers D, the compounds E and the fillers F and to subsequently add the catalyst according to the invention. During these operations, the mixtures may be heated at a temperature within the range of 50-180° C. under atmospheric pressure or under a reduced pressure in order to promote the removal of volatile materials.

The single-component compositions according to the invention, used as they are, that is to say undiluted, or in the form of dispersions in diluents, are stable during storage in the absence of water and cure at low temperatures (after removal of solvents in the case of dispersions) in the presence of water to form elastomers.

After the deposition of the compositions as they are, onto solid substrates, in a humid atmosphere, it is observed that a process of curing into elastomers occurs, it takes place from the outside to the inside of the mass deposited. A skin forms first at the surface, then the crosslinking continues in depth. The complete formation of the skin, which results in a tack-free feel of the surface, requires a period of time of a few minutes; this period of time depends on the degree of relative humidity of the atmosphere surrounding the compositions and on the crosslinkability of the latter.

Furthermore, the in-depth curing of the deposited layers, which must be sufficient to allow the demolding and handling of the elastomers formed, requires a longer period of time. Indeed, this period of time depends not only on the factors mentioned above for the formation of the tack-free feel but also on the thickness of the deposited layers, which thickness generally lies between 0.5 mm and several centimeters. The single-component compositions may be used for multiple applications such as jointing in the construction industry, assembling the most diverse materials (metals, plastics, natural and synthetic rubbers, wood, board, earthenware, brick, ceramic, glass, stone, concrete, masonry units), insulating electrical conductors, the potting of electronic circuits, or the preparation of molds used for manufacturing articles made of synthetic resins or foams.

The manufacture of the two-component compositions according to the invention is also carried out by mixing various constituents in suitable equipment. In order to obtain homogeneous compositions, it is preferable to firstly mix the polymers A with the fillers C; the whole mixture may be heated for at least 30 minutes at a temperature above 80° C., so as to complete the wetting of the fillers by the oils. To the mixture obtained, preferably brought to a temperature below 80° C., for example of around room temperature, may be added the other constituents, that is to say the crosslinking agents, the catalyst and optionally various additives and adjuvants and even water.

The compositions in accordance with the invention may be employed for multiple applications, such as jointing and/or bonding in the construction industry or the transportation industry (e.g.: automobile, aerospace, railroad, maritime and aeronautical industries), assembling the most diverse materials (metals, plastics, natural and synthetic rubbers, wood, boards, polycarbonate, earthenware, brick, ceramic, glass, stone, concrete and masonry units), insulating electrical conductors, the potting of electronic circuits, and the preparation of molds used for manufacturing articles made of synthetic resins or foams.

Thus, another subject of the invention consists of a two-component system that is a precursor of the organopolysiloxane composition according to the invention and as defined above and that can be vulcanized to a silicone elastomer via polycondensation reactions and characterized in that it is in two separate parts P1 and P2 intended to be mixed in order to form said composition, and in that one of these parts comprises the catalyst system X as defined above as a catalyst for the polycondensation reaction of organopolysiloxanes and the crosslinking agent D, whilst the other part is free of the aforementioned species and comprises:

-   -   per 100 parts by weight of the polyorganosiloxane oil(s) C         capable of crosslinking via polycondensation into an elastomer;     -   from 0.001 to 10 part(s) by weight of water.

Another subject of the invention also consists of a single-component polyorganosiloxane composition that is stable during storage in the absence of moisture and that crosslinks, in the presence of water, into an elastomer, characterized in that it comprises:

-   -   at least one crosslinkable linear polyorganopolysiloxane that         has functionalized ends of alkoxy, oxime, acyl and/or enoxy         type, preferably alkoxy type;     -   a filler; and     -   the catalyst system X according to the invention and as defined         above.

One organopolysiloxane composition according to the invention that is particularly advantageous and that can be vulcanized to a silicone elastomer via polycondensation reactions comprises:

(a) a silicone base B comprising:

-   -   per 100 parts by weight of at least one polyorganosiloxane oil C         capable of crosslinking via polycondensation, which is a         reactive α,ω-dihydroxydiorganopolysiloxane polymer, the organic         radicals of which are hydrocarbon-based radicals preferably         chosen from the group constituted by: alkyls having from 1 to 20         carbon atoms; cycloalkyls having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms;         alkenyls having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and cycloalkenyls         having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms;     -   from 0.1 to 60 parts by weight of at least one crosslinking         agent D chosen from the group constituted by: polyalkoxysilanes,         products originating from the partial hydrolysis of a         polyalkoxysilane, and polyalkoxysiloxanes;     -   from 0 to 60 parts by weight of an adhesion promoter E as         described above;     -   from 0 to 250 parts by weight, preferably from 5 to 200 parts by         weight, of at least one siliceous, organic and/or non-siliceous         mineral filler F;     -   from 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of water;     -   from 0 to 100 parts by weight of at least one nonreactive linear         polyorganosiloxane polymer G consisting of a linear homopolymer         or copolymer, of which, per molecule, the monovalent organic         substituents, which are identical to or different from one         another and which are bonded to the silicon atoms, are chosen         from alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylarylene and         arylalkylene radicals;     -   from 0 to 70 parts by weight of polyorganosiloxane resins H;     -   from 0 to 20 parts by weight of a coloring base or of a coloring         agent I; and     -   from 0 to 20 parts of auxiliary additives J known to a person         skilled in the art, such as plasticizers, crosslinking         retardants, mineral oils, antimicrobial agents or heat         stabilizers, such as titanium, iron or cerium oxides; and

(b) from 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of the catalyst system X according to the invention and as defined above.

The two-component compositions according to the invention can be shaped, extruded or in particular molded following various shapes and then be cured at room temperature to give an elastomer.

In addition, they are suitable for the formation of “in situ” seals used in the motor vehicle industry. These “in situ” seals encompass several types, namely “flattened” seals (known as “flowed gasket” seals), “shaped” seals (known as “profiled” seals) and “injection-molded” seals.

The “flattened” seals are formed following the application of a pasty bead of the compositions to the region of contact between 2 metal or plastic components to be assembled. The pasty bead is first deposited on one of the components and then the other component is immediately applied to the first; this results in flattening of the bead before it is converted into elastomer. Seals of this type are aimed at assemblages which do not have to be taken apart in common practice (oil sump seals, timing case seals, etc.).

The “shaped” seals are also obtained following the application of a pasty bead of the compositions to the region of contact between 2 components to be assembled. However, after the deposition of the pasty bead on one of the components, the bead is given time to completely cure to give an elastomer and only at this moment is the second component applied to the first.

Furthermore, the seals, due to their rubbery or fluid natures, match all the unevennesses of the surfaces to have seals formed on them; for this reason, it is pointless:

(1) to carefully machine the metal surfaces which have to be brought into contact with one another, and

(2) to forcibly tighten the assemblages obtained; these distinguishing features make it possible, to a certain extent, to dispense with fastening seals, spacers or ribs usually intended to stiffen and reinforce the components of the assemblages.

As the compositions in accordance with the invention cure rapidly at room temperature and even in an enclosed environment, the result of this is that the “shaped” seals (and also the other “in situ” seals) resulting from the curing of these compositions are self-adhesive and can be manufactured under very restrictive industrial manufacturing conditions. For example, they can be manufactured on the normal assembly lines of the motor vehicle industry equipped with an automatic device for the deposition of the compositions. This automatic device very often has a mixing head and a depositing nozzle, the latter moving along according to the outline of the seals to be manufactured.

The compositions manufactured and distributed by means of this device have to have a curing time which is properly adjusted in order, on the one hand, to avoid the compositions from setting solid in the mixing head and, on the other hand, to obtain complete crosslinking after the end of the deposition of the pasty bead on the components on which seals are to be formed. These “shaped” seals are more especially suitable for cylinder head cover seals, gearbox case cover seals, timing spacer seals and even oil sump seals.

The injection-molded seals are formed in an enclosed environment, in cavities which are often completely closed; the compositions placed in these cavities are rapidly converted to elastomers. These seals can, for example, ensure the leaktightness of crankshaft bearings.

The compositions in accordance with the invention are also suitable for the formation of rapidly curing and self-adhesive seals and/or adhesives in other fields than the motor vehicle industry. Thus, they can be used to adhesively bond and to form seals with regard to plastic switch cabinets, to produce seals and/or adhesives:

-   -   for domestic electrical appliances, in particular for assembling         components such as the glass and metal walls of ovens, vacuum         cleaner and iron components;     -   for electronic housings, for example used in the motor vehicle         industry (examples: brake power distributor, etc.); and     -   for the assembling, adhesive bonding, forming a seal on a tank,         for example in the motor vehicle industry.

The compositions in accordance with the invention are very particularly suitable for the formation of seals in an enclosed environment liable to be subjected to a heat treatment because of the type of application, for example for seals used to adhesively bond the components in domestic electrical appliances, such as baking ovens. This is because, in some applications, the seal has to withstand temperatures of greater than or equal to 100° C. while maintaining an adhesion in accordance with the requirements of the application.

Another subject of the invention relates to a self-adhesive seal and/or an adhesive prepared by curing at ambient temperature:

-   -   an organopolysiloxane composition according to the invention; or     -   an organopolysiloxane composition resulting from the mixing of         the parts P1 and P2 of the two-component system as defined         above.

The final subject of the invention consists of an elastomer obtained by crosslinking and curing of the two-component system according to the invention and as described above, or of the composition according to the invention and as described above.

Other advantages and features of the present invention will appear on reading the following examples that are given by way of illustration and that are in no way limiting.

EXAMPLES 1) Preparation of the Catalyst Systems According to the Invention

a) Preparation of the Metal Salts

The following Metal Salts are Commercially Available [Sc(triflate)₃]  (11): [Yb(triflate)₃]  (12): [Cu(triflate)₂]  (13): [Ag(triflate)]  (14): [Bi(triflate)₃]  15): [MoO₂(OAc)₂]  (25): and [MoO₂(heptanoate)₂].  (26): Preparations of Metal Salts (20) and (24):

Synthesis of Metal Salt (20): [Mo(O₂)(pinanediolate)₂]:

Added to a suspension of 4 mmol of molybdenyl acetylacetonate (1.2 g) in 20 ml of cyclohexane were 16 mmol of pinanediol (2.72 g), then the mixture was heated at reflux. After 1 h 30 min, the medium turned a clear orange color, then formed a bright yellow solid. After 3 h 30 min, the mixture was concentrated and the solid obtained was recrystallized in cyclohexane to give 1.5 g of bright yellow solid of molybdenyl pinanediolate in the form of its dehydrated dimer [MoOH(pinanediolate)₂]₂O based on the characteristic IR bands at 751 nm (according to Sheldon, Recl. Tray. Chim. Pays Bas, 92, 253 (1973)).

Mo calc. 20.97%, found (ICP) 16.0% (the product contains pinanediol)

Synthesis of Metal Salt (24): [Bi(monoallyl ethylene glycolate)₃]:

Added over 15 min to a suspension of 48 mmol of sodium hydride (2 g at 60% previously washed with pentane) in 50 ml of anhydrous THF, were 48 mmol of ethylene glycol monoallyl ether (5.31 g). The solution obtained was added over 10 min to a solution of 16 mmol of bismuth trichloride (5.04 g) in 100 ml of the same solvent. After stirring for 4 h at room temperature, the homogeneous brown solution was evaporated to dryness. The brown solid was taken up with hexane, and the mixture filtered over celite. After evaporation of the solvent, a brown liquid was obtained (5.2 g).

Bi calc. 40.78%, found (ICP) 32.5% (the product isolated contains ethylene glycol monoallyl ether)

IR: 2844, 1347, 1066, 993, 918.

b) Preparation of the Catalyst Systems

The metal salts cited in paragraph a) were dispersed at 6.1% or at 10% in a silicone oil:

-   -   a1: hydroxylated polydimethylsiloxane oil blocked at each of the         chain ends by a (CH₃)₂(OH)SiO_(0.5) unit, having a viscosity of         14 000 mPa·s at 25° C.

The mixtures were then finely milled by means of a 3-roll mill, the clamping pressures of which, between the rolls, are adjusted so as to result, if possible, in homogeneous mixtures. The catalyst systems thus obtained were characterized from the point of view of their appearance and by a viscosity measurement on a Brookfield machine.

When use was made of a (comparative) oil a4: polydimethylsiloxane oil blocked at each of the chain ends by a (CH₃)₃SiO_(0.5) unit, having a viscosity of 50 mPa·s at 25° C., a heterogeneous suspension that settles was obtained.

These results demonstrate the importance of using a silicone oil that has a viscosity of at least 100 mPa·s for obtaining homogeneous mixtures in order to be able to use the catalyst system according to the invention.

2) Silicone Composition that Crosslinks at Room Temperature Via a Polycondensation Reaction

Standard two-component compositions based on the catalyst systems described in paragraph 1) were prepared and elastomers having physical properties equivalent to or superior to the control were obtained. The elastomer obtained has good mechanical properties (EB, TS and SAH), similar to those obtained with a tin-based catalyst (control).

-   -   EB=elongation at break (%, measurements carried out according to         the instructions of the ASTM-D412 or AFNOR-T-46002 standard).     -   TS=tensile strength (MPa, measurements carried out according to         the instructions of the ASTM-D412 or AFNOR-T-46002 standard).     -   Shore A hardness, denoted by SAH: measurements carried out         according to the instructions of the ASTM-D2240 standard. 

1. An RTV-organopolysiloxane composition comprising a silicone base B capable of curing via polycondensation reaction into a silicone elastomer and a catalytically effective amount of at least one catalyst system X, wherein: a) the catalyst system X comprises at least one metal complex or salt A of formula (1) below: [M(L¹)_(r1)(L²)_(r2)(Y)_(x)]  (1) in which the symbols are defined under i), ii) or iii): i) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0; the symbol M is a metal selected from the group consisting of cerium, bismuth and molybdenum; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is an alcoholate anion derived from a diol and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and the symbol Y is a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the symbols Y are identical or different; or ii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0; the symbol M is a metal selected from the group consisting of scandium, ytterbium, copper, silver and bismuth; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is a sulfonate anion and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and the symbol Y is a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the symbols Y are identical or different; or iii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0; the symbol M is molybdenum; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is a carboxylate anion and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different, the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and the symbol Y is a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the symbols Y are identical or different; and with the proviso that, when the symbol M is molybdenum, the compound of formula (1) selected is in solid form; and further wherein: b) the catalyst system X is prepared according to the following process: step 1: dispersing the metal complex or salt A in at least one oily organopolysiloxane polymer K having a viscosity of at least 100 mPa·s, and step 2: milling the mixture, optionally after kneading, until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, which is the catalyst system X.
 2. The RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 1, wherein the milling is carried out by means of a 3-roll mill, the clamping pressures of which, from the rolls, are adjusted so as to result in a homogeneous mixture.
 3. The RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 1, wherein the catalyst system X comprises at least one metal complex or salt A of formula (2) below: [M(L¹)_(r1)(L²)_(r2)]  (2) in which the symbols are defined under i), ii) or iii): i) r1≧1, r2≧0; the symbol M is a metal selected from the group consisting of cerium, bismuth and molybdenum; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is an alcoholate anion derived from a diol and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; and the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; or ii) r1≧1, r2≧0; the symbol M is a metal selected from the group consisting of scandium, ytterbium, copper, silver and bismuth; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is a sulfonate anion and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; and the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; or iii) r1≧1, r2≧0; the symbol M is molybdenum; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is a carboxylate anion and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different, the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and with the proviso that, when the symbol M is molybdenum, the compound of formula (2) selected is in solid form.
 4. The RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 1, wherein the catalyst system X comprises at least one metal complex or salt A selected from the group consisting of the metal complexes or salts of formulae (3) to (5) below: [Ce(L¹)_(r3)(L²)_(r4)]; where r3≧1 and r4≧0 and r3+r4=3  (3): [Mo(L¹)_(r5)(L²)_(r6)]; where r5≧1 and r6≧0 and r5+r6=6  (4): [Bi(L¹)_(r7)(L²)_(r8)]; where r7≧1 and r8≧0 and r7+r8=3  (5): in which: the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is an alcoholate anion and when the number of ligands L¹≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; and the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when the number of ligands L²≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different.
 5. The RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 4, wherein the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is an alcoholate anion derived from a diol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, pinanediol, 1,3-propanediol and 1,2-octanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol and 2,3-butanediol.
 6. The RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 1, wherein L² is an anionic ligand selected from the group consisting of the following anions: fluoro (F⁻), chloro (Cl⁻), triiodo (I₃)⁻, difluorochlorato [ClF₂]⁻, hexafluoroiodato [IF₆]⁻, oxochlorato (ClO)⁻, dioxochlorato (ClO₂)⁻, trioxochlorato (ClO₃)⁻, tetraoxochlorato (ClO₄)⁻, hydroxo (OH)⁻, mercapto (SH)⁻, selanido (SeH)⁻, hyperoxo (O₂)⁻, ozonido (O₃)⁻, hydroxo (OH⁻), hydrodisulfido (HS₂)⁻, methoxo (CH₃O)⁻, ethoxo (C₂H₅O)⁻, propoxido (C₃H₇O)⁻, methylthio (CH₃S)⁻, ethanethiolato (C₂H₅S)⁻, 2-chloroethanolato (C₂H₄ClO)⁻, phenoxido (C₆H₅O)⁻, phenylthio (C₆H₅S)⁻, 4-nitrophenolato [C₆H₄(NO₂)O]⁻, formato (HCO₂)⁻, acetato (CH₃CO₂)⁻, propionato (CH₃CH₂CO₂)⁻, nitrido (N₃)⁻, cyano (CN)⁻, cyanato (NCO)⁻, thiocyanato (NCS)⁻, selenocyanato (NCSe)⁻, amido (NH₂)⁻, phosphino (PH₂)⁻, chloroazanido (ClHN)⁻, dichloroazanido (Cl₂N)⁻, [methanaminato] (CH₃NH)⁻, diazenido (HN═N)⁻, diazanido (H₂N—NH)⁻, diphosphenido (HP═P)⁻, phosphonito (H₂PO)⁻, phosphinato (H₂PO₂)⁻, carboxylato, enolato, amides, alkylato and arylato.
 7. The RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 1, wherein L² is an anionic ligand selected from the group consisting of the following anions: acetate, oxalate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, diethylacetate, benzoate, 2-ethylhexanoate, stearate, methoxide, ethoxide, isopropoxide, tert-butoxide, tert-pentoxide, 8-hydroxyquinolinate, naphthenate, tropolonate and the oxido O²⁻ anion.
 8. The RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 1, comprising a catalytically effective amount of at least one catalyst system X and a silicone base B which comprises: at least one polyorganosiloxane oil C capable of crosslinking via polycondensation into an elastomer; optionally, at least one crosslinking agent D; optionally, at least one adhesion promoter E; and optionally, at least one siliceous, organic and/or non-siliceous mineral filler F.
 9. A two-component system that is a precursor of the RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 8, which can be vulcanized to a silicone elastomer via polycondensation reactions and being in two separate parts P1 and P2 to be mixed to form said composition, and wherein one of these parts comprises the catalyst system X as a catalyst for the polycondensation reaction of organopolysiloxanes and the crosslinking agent D, and further wherein the other part is free of the aforesaid species and comprises: per 100 parts by weight of the polyorganosiloxane oil(s) C capable of crosslinking via polycondensation into an elastomer; and from 0.001 to 10 part(s) by weight of water.
 10. The RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 8, which is vulcanizable to a silicone elastomer via polycondensation reactions in which: (a) the silicone base B comprises: per 100 parts by weight of at least one polyorganosiloxane oil C capable of crosslinking via polycondensation, which is a reactive α,ω-dihydroxydiorganopolysiloxane polymer, the organic radicals of which are hydrocarbon-based radicals selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl radicals having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms; alkenyl radicals having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and cycloalkenyl radicals having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms; from 0.1 to 60 parts by weight of at least one crosslinking agent D selected from the group consisting of polyalkoxysilanes, products originating from the partial hydrolysis of a polyalkoxysilane, and polyalkoxysiloxanes; from 0 to 60 parts by weight of an adhesion promoter E; from 5 to 200 parts by weight of at least one siliceous, organic and/or non-siliceous mineral filler F; from 0.001 to 10 parts by weight of water; from 0 to 100 parts by weight of at least one nonreactive linear polyorganosiloxane polymer G comprising a linear homopolymer or copolymer, of which, per molecule, the monovalent organic substituents, which are identical to or different from one another and which are bonded to the silicon atoms, are selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkylarylene and arylalkylene radicals; from 0 to 20 parts by weight of a coloring base or of a coloring agent H; from 0 to 70 parts by weight of polyorganosiloxane resins I; and from 0 to 20 parts of auxiliary additives J selected from among plasticizers, crosslinking retardants, mineral oils, antimicrobial agents or heat stabilizers, titanium, iron or cerium oxides; and (b) from 0.1 to 50 parts by weight of the catalyst system X.
 11. A single-component polyorganosiloxane composition that is stable during storage in the absence of moisture and that crosslinks, in the presence of water, into an elastomer, which comprises: at least one crosslinkable linear polyorganopolysiloxane that has functionalized alkoxy, oxime, acyl and/or enoxy ends, a filler; and a catalyst system X as defined by claim
 1. 12. An elastomer obtained by crosslinking and curing of the two-component system as defined by claim 9, or of the RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim
 1. 13. The RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 1, wherein formula (1) includes the definition i).
 14. An RTV-organopolysiloxane composition comprising a silicone base B capable of curing via polycondensation reaction into a silicone elastomer and a catalytically effective amount of at least one catalyst system X, wherein the catalyst system X comprises at least one metal complex or salt A selected from the group consisting of the metal complexes or salts of formulae (6) to (10) below: [Sc(L¹)_(r9)(L²)_(r10)]; where r9≧1 and r10≧0 and I₅+I₆=3  (6): [Yb(L¹)_(r11)(L²)_(r12)]; where r11≧1 and r12≧0 and r11+r12=3  (7): [Cu(L¹)_(r13)(L²)_(r14)]; where r13≧1 and r14≧0 and r13+r14=2  (8): [Ag(L¹)]  (9): [Bi(L¹)_(r15)(L²)_(r16)]; where r15≧1 and r16≧0 and r15+r16=3  (10): in which: the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is a sulfonate anion and when the number of ligands L¹≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; and the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when the number of ligands L²≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different.
 15. The RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 14, wherein the catalyst system X comprises at least one metal complex or salt A selected from the group consisting of the metal complexes or salts of formulae (11) to (27) below: [Sc(triflate)₃]  (11): [Yb(triflate)₃]  (12): [Cu(triflate)₂]  (13): [Ag(triflate)]  (14): [Bi(triflate)₃]  (15): [Mo(O₂)(2,3-butanediolate)₂]  (17): [Mo(O₂)(ethylene glycolate)₂]  (18): [Mo(O₂)(1,2-propanediolate)₂]  (19): [Mo(O₂)(pinanediolate)₂]  (20): [Mo(O₂)(1,3-propanediolate)₂]  (21): [Mo(O₂)(meso-2,3-butanediolate)₂]  (22): [Mo(O₂)(1,2-octanediolate)₂]  (23): [Bi(monoallyl ethylene glycolate)₃]  (24): [MoO₂(OAc)₂]  (25): [MoO₂(heptanoate)₂]  (26): and [MoO₂(naphthenate)₂]  (27).
 16. The RTV-organopolysiloxane composition as defined by claim 14, wherein the catalyst system X comprises at least one metal complex or salt A selected from the group consisting of the metal complexes or salts of formulae (25) to (26) below: [MoO₂(OAc)₂]  (25): and [MoO₂(heptanoate)₂]  (26).
 17. A catalyst system X comprising a milled homogeneous dispersion of at least one metal complex or salt A of formula (1) below in at least one oily organopolysiloxane polymer K having a viscosity of at least 100 mPa·s: [M(L¹)_(r1)(L²)_(r2)(Y)_(x)]  (1) in which the symbols are defined under i), ii) or iii): i) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0; the symbol M is a metal selected from the group consisting of cerium, bismuth and molybdenum; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is an alcoholate anion and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; wherein, when the metal is bismuth, L¹ is a ligand which is an alcoholate anion derived from a diol; the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and the symbol Y is a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the symbols Y are identical or different; or ii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0; the symbol M is a metal selected from the group consisting of scandium, ytterbium, copper, silver and bismuth; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is a sulfonate anion and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and the symbol Y is a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the symbols Y are identical or different; or iii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0; the symbol M is molybdenum; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is a carboxylate anion and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different, the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and the symbol Y is a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the symbols Y are identical or different; and with the proviso that, when the symbol M is molybdenum, the compound of formula (1) selected is in solid form.
 18. A process for the catalytic polycondensation reaction of organopolysiloxanes, said process comprising vulcanizing at least one organopolysiloxane in the presence of a catalyst comprising the catalyst system X as defined by claim
 17. 19. The catalyst system as defined by claim 17, wherein: (A) when symbol L¹ is a ligand which is an alcoholate anion the alcoholate ion is derived from an alcohol or a diol, wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of: methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, cyclopentanol, cycloheptanol, cyclohexanol, s-butanol, t-butanol, pentanol, hexanol, octanol, decanol, isopropyl alcohol and allyl alcohol and wherein the diol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, pinanediol, 1,3-propanediol and 1,2-octanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol and 2,3-butanediol; and (B) or when symbol L¹ is a ligand which is an alcoholate anion derived from a diol, the diol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, pinanediol, 1,3-propanediol and 1,2-octanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol and 2,3-butanediol.
 20. An RTV-organopolysiloxane composition comprising a silicone base B capable of curing via polycondensation reaction into a silicone elastomer and a catalytically effective amount of at least one catalyst system X, wherein the catalyst system X comprises at least one metal complex or salt A of formula (1) below: [M(L¹)_(r1)(L²)_(r2)(Y)_(x)]  (1) in which the symbols are defined under i), ii) or iii): i) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0; the symbol M is a metal selected from the group consisting of cerium, bismuth and molybdenum; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is an alcoholate anion derived from a diol and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and the symbol Y is a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the symbols Y are identical or different; or ii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0; the symbol M is a metal selected from the group consisting of scandium, ytterbium, copper, silver and bismuth; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is a sulfonate anion and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and the symbol Y is a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the symbols Y are identical or different; or iii) r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0; the symbol M is molybdenum; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is a carboxylate anion and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different, the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and the symbol Y is a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the symbols Y are identical or different; and with the proviso that, when the symbol M is molybdenum, the compound of formula (1) selected is in solid form.
 21. An RTV-organopolysiloxane composition comprising a silicone base B capable of curing via polycondensation reaction into a silicone elastomer and a catalytically effective amount of at least one catalyst system X comprising at least one metal complex or salt A of formula (1): [M(L¹)_(r1)(L²)_(r2)(Y)_(x)]  (1) where, r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0; the symbol M is a metal selected from the group consisting of scandium, ytterbium, copper, silver and bismuth; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is a sulfonate anion and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different; the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and the symbol Y is a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the symbols Y are identical or different.
 22. An RTV-organopolysiloxane composition comprising a silicone base B capable of curing via polycondensation reaction into a silicone elastomer and a catalytically effective amount of at least one catalyst system X, comprising at least one metal complex or salt A of formula (1): [M(L¹)_(r1)(L²)_(r2)(Y)_(x)]  (1) where, r1≧1, r2≧0 and x≧0; the symbol M is molybdenum; the symbol L¹ is a ligand which is a carboxylate anion and when r1≧2, the symbols L¹ are identical or different, the symbol L² is an anionic ligand which is different from L¹ and when r2≧2, the symbols L² are identical or different; and the symbol Y is a neutral ligand and when x≧2, the symbols Y are identical or different; and the compound of formula (1) is in solid form. 